Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus causes a major disease in domestic and wild small ruminants. Understanding the role of wildlife in PPR virus ecology is important for PPR control and its eradication targeted worldwide in 2030. Developing diagnostic tools that provide reliable data for PPR detection in wildlife will help monitor wild populations for PPR and support the eradication program. We analyze a continental-scale dataset from African free-ranging wild ungulates (n = 2570) collected between 1994 and 2007. A Bayesian model estimated the performance of ELISA tests against PPR and rinderpest and their prevalence in African bufalo. Te Hand N-ELISA tests used, not initially developed for wildlife, showed poor sensitivities for the detection of PPR antibodies in African bufalo. Te estimations of PPR antibody prevalence derived from the results of these tests for animals presumably not exposed or potentially exposed to PPR were uncertain. Tus, poor performances of these PPR serological tests in wildlife would not allow robust estimations of PPR antibody prevalence in African bufalo and would be extremely speculative in non-bufalo wild ungulate species. We recommend that current and new tests be validated for wildlife hosts to provide sufcient sensitivity and specifcity of detection and a diagnostic protocol be developed for PPR wildlife research.