The development of marker-assisted selection in the 1990s offered new possibilities to fasten potato breeding and make it more efficient. A turning point in molecular potato breeding was the release of the first potato reference genome in 2011. The aim of this chapter is to give a comprehensive overview of the progress made in potato genetic studies and molecular breeding since the publication of the first potato genome. With the continuous progress made in sequencing technologies, the number of potato genomic datasets made available to the scientific community is blooming, opening new possibilities for a better comprehension and an optimized utilization of the large potato genetic diversity. The development of high-throughput genotyping methods and of software and tools especially designed for autopolyploid species also led to an important leap forward in potato genetic studies. These important developments caused changes in the plant material used in potato genetic studies, allowing switching from less complex diploid biparental populations to tetraploid panels less distant from the breeding material. Finally, an overview of the recent advances made in marker-assisted selection for resistance to potato cyst nematodes, potato virus Y, wart disease, and late blight is given. For each of these economically important traits, the lastly developed diagnostic markers at hand for potato breeders are described