As part of the Ecophyto II+ plan, various expert studies have been conducted in a complementary manner. In June 2021, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm) presented the results of a collective scientific assessment (CSA) on the effects of plant protection products (PPPs) on human health, entitled ‘Effects of Pesticides and Health - New Data’. The CSA presented here focuses on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Another CSA, delivered on 20 October 2022, examines the use of plant diversity in agricultural areas to regulate crop pests. Requested in March 2020 by the Ministries of the Environment, Agriculture and Research, The present CSA was assigned to INRAE and Ifremer. It updates and supplements previous studies published in 2005 (Pesticides, agriculture et environnement) and in 2008 (Agriculture et biodiversité).