Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora
Hans ter Steege
(1)
,
Nigel C A Pitman
,
Iêda Leão Do Amaral
(2)
,
Luiz de Souza Coelho
(2)
,
Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
(2)
,
Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho
(2)
,
Rafael P Salomão
(3)
,
Florian Wittmann
(4, 2)
,
Carolina V Castilho
(5)
,
Juan Ernesto Guevara
(6)
,
Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
,
Oliver L Phillips
,
William E Magnusson
,
Daniel Sabatier
(7)
,
Juan David Cardenas Revilla
,
Jean-François Molino
(7)
,
Mariana Victória Irume
,
Maria Pires Martins
,
José Renan da Silva Guimarães
,
José Ferreira Ramos
,
Olaf S Bánki
,
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
,
Dairon Cárdenas López
,
Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
,
Layon O Demarchi
,
Jochen Schöngart
,
Everton José Almeida
,
Luciane Ferreira Barbosa
,
Larissa Cavalheiro
,
Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos
,
Bruno Garcia Luize
,
Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
,
Percy Núñez Vargas
,
Thiago Sanna Freire Silva
,
Eduardo Martins Venticinque
,
Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
,
Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
,
John Terborgh
,
Katia Regina Casula
,
Euridice N Honorio Coronado
,
Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
,
Juan Carlos Montero
,
Flávia R C Costa
,
Ted R Feldpausch
,
Adriano Costa Quaresma
,
Nicolás Castaño Arboleda
,
Charles Eugene Zartman
,
Timothy J Killeen
,
Beatriz S Marimon
,
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
,
Rodolfo Vasquez
,
Bonifacio Mostacedo
,
Rafael L Assis
,
Chris Baraloto
(8)
,
Dário Dantas Do Amaral
,
Julien Engel
(7, 8)
,
Pascal Petronelli
(9, 10)
,
Hernán Castellanos
,
Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
,
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
,
Ana Andrade
,
José Luís Camargo
,
William F Laurance
,
Susan G W Laurance
,
Lorena Maniguaje Rincón
,
Juliana Schietti
,
Thaiane R Sousa
,
Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
,
Maria Aparecida Lopes
,
José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
,
Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
,
Helder Lima de Queiroz
,
Gerardo A Aymard C
,
Roel Brienen
,
Pablo R Stevenson
,
Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
,
Tim R Baker
,
Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
,
Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
,
Hugo F Mogollón
,
Joost F Duivenvoorden
,
Carlos A Peres
,
Miles R Silman
,
Leandro Valle Ferreira
,
José Rafael Lozada
,
James A Comiskey
,
Freddie C Draper
,
José Julio de Toledo
,
Gabriel Damasco
,
Roosevelt García-Villacorta
,
Aline Lopes
,
Alberto Vicentini
,
Fernando Cornejo Valverde
,
Alfonso Alonso
,
Luzmila Arroyo
,
Francisco Dallmeier
,
Vitor H F Gomes
,
Eliana M Jimenez
,
David Neill
,
Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora
,
Janaína Costa Noronha
,
Daniel P P de Aguiar
,
Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa
,
Yennie K Bredin
,
Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo
,
Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
,
Fernanda Coelho de Souza
,
Kenneth J Feeley
,
Rogerio Gribel
,
Torbjørn Haugaasen
,
Joseph E Hawes
,
Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
,
Marcos Ríos Paredes
,
Jos Barlow
,
Erika Berenguer
,
Izaias Brasil da Silva
,
Maria Julia Ferreira
,
Joice Ferreira
,
Paul V A Fine
,
Marcelino Carneiro Guedes
,
Carolina Levis
,
Juan Carlos Licona
,
Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra
,
Vincent Antoine Vos
,
Carlos Cerón
,
Flávia Machado Durgante
,
Émile Fonty
,
Terry W Henkel
,
John Ethan Householder
,
Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
,
Edwin Pos
,
Marcos Silveira
,
Juliana Stropp
,
Raquel Thomas
,
Doug Daly
,
Kyle G Dexter
,
William Milliken
,
Guido Pardo Molina
,
Toby Pennington
,
Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
,
Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
,
Wegliane Campelo
,
Alfredo Fuentes
,
Bente Klitgaard
,
José Luis Marcelo Pena
,
J Sebastián Tello
,
Corine Vriesendorp
,
Jerome Chave
,
Anthony Di Fiore
,
Renato Richard Hilário
,
Luciana de Oliveira Pereira
,
Juan Fernando Phillips
,
Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
,
Tinde R van Andel
,
Patricio von Hildebrand
,
William Balee
,
Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
,
Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
,
Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza
,
Ricardo Zárate Gómez
,
Therany Gonzales
,
George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales
,
Bruce Hoffman
,
André Braga Junqueira
,
Yadvinder Malhi
,
Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
,
Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto
,
Adriana Prieto
,
Agustín Rudas
,
Ademir R Ruschel
,
Natalino Silva
,
César I A Vela
,
Egleé L Zent
,
Stanford Zent
,
Angela Cano
,
Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez
,
Diego F Correa
,
Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa
,
Bernardo Monteiro Flores
,
David Galbraith
,
Milena Holmgren
,
Michelle Kalamandeen
,
Guilherme Lobo
,
Luis Torres Montenegro
,
Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
,
Alexandre A Oliveira
,
Maihyra Marina Pombo
,
Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
,
Maira Rocha
,
Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
,
Rodrigo Sierra
,
Milton Tirado
,
Maria Natalia Umaña
,
Geertje van der Heijden
,
Emilio Vilanova Torre
,
Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui
,
Cláudia Baider
,
Henrik Balslev
,
Sasha Cárdenas
,
Luisa Fernanda Casas
,
María José Endara
,
William Farfan-Rios
,
Cid Ferreira
,
Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
,
Casimiro Mendoza
,
Italo Mesones
,
Germaine Alexander Parada
,
Armando Torres-Lezama
,
Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
,
Daniel Villarroel
,
Roderick Zagt
,
Miguel N Alexiades
,
Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
,
Karina Garcia-Cabrera
,
Lionel Hernandez
,
Walter Palacios Cuenca
,
Susamar Pansini
,
Daniela Pauletto
,
Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
,
Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
,
Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
,
Luis Valenzuela Gamarra
,
Aurora Levesley
,
Georgia Pickavance
,
Karina Melgaço
1
Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht]
2 INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research
3 UFRA - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
4 KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
5 Embrapa - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
6 UDLA - Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador]
7 UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations
8 FIU - Florida International University [Miami]
9 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
10 Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés
2 INPA - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia = National Institute of Amazonian Research
3 UFRA - Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
4 KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
5 Embrapa - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
6 UDLA - Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador]
7 UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations
8 FIU - Florida International University [Miami]
9 UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane
10 Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés
Hans ter Steege
Connectez-vous pour contacter l'auteur
- Function : Correspondent author
- PersonId : 1149311
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8738-2659
Connectez-vous pour contacter l'auteur
Nigel C A Pitman
- Function : Author
Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Function : Author
Oliver L Phillips
- Function : Author
William E Magnusson
- Function : Author
Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Function : Author
Jean-François Molino
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178998
- IdHAL : jean-francois-molino
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8853-7133
- IdRef : 231176376
Mariana Victória Irume
- Function : Author
Maria Pires Martins
- Function : Author
José Renan da Silva Guimarães
- Function : Author
José Ferreira Ramos
- Function : Author
Olaf S Bánki
- Function : Author
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Function : Author
Dairon Cárdenas López
- Function : Author
Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Function : Author
Layon O Demarchi
- Function : Author
Jochen Schöngart
- Function : Author
Everton José Almeida
- Function : Author
Luciane Ferreira Barbosa
- Function : Author
Larissa Cavalheiro
- Function : Author
Márcia Cléia Vilela dos Santos
- Function : Author
Bruno Garcia Luize
- Function : Author
Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Function : Author
Percy Núñez Vargas
- Function : Author
Thiago Sanna Freire Silva
- Function : Author
Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Function : Author
Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Function : Author
Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Function : Author
John Terborgh
- Function : Author
Katia Regina Casula
- Function : Author
Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- Function : Author
Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Function : Author
Juan Carlos Montero
- Function : Author
Flávia R C Costa
- Function : Author
Ted R Feldpausch
- Function : Author
Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Function : Author
Nicolás Castaño Arboleda
- Function : Author
Charles Eugene Zartman
- Function : Author
Timothy J Killeen
- Function : Author
Beatriz S Marimon
- Function : Author
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Function : Author
Rodolfo Vasquez
- Function : Author
Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Function : Author
Rafael L Assis
- Function : Author
Chris Baraloto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1199882
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7322-8581
Dário Dantas Do Amaral
- Function : Author
Pascal Petronelli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1203267
Hernán Castellanos
- Function : Author
Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Function : Author
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Function : Author
Ana Andrade
- Function : Author
José Luís Camargo
- Function : Author
William F Laurance
- Function : Author
Susan G W Laurance
- Function : Author
Lorena Maniguaje Rincón
- Function : Author
Juliana Schietti
- Function : Author
Thaiane R Sousa
- Function : Author
Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Function : Author
Maria Aparecida Lopes
- Function : Author
José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Function : Author
Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Function : Author
Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Function : Author
Gerardo A Aymard C
- Function : Author
Roel Brienen
- Function : Author
Pablo R Stevenson
- Function : Author
Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Function : Author
Tim R Baker
- Function : Author
Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra
- Function : Author
Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Function : Author
Hugo F Mogollón
- Function : Author
Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Function : Author
Carlos A Peres
- Function : Author
Miles R Silman
- Function : Author
Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Function : Author
José Rafael Lozada
- Function : Author
James A Comiskey
- Function : Author
Freddie C Draper
- Function : Author
José Julio de Toledo
- Function : Author
Gabriel Damasco
- Function : Author
Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Function : Author
Aline Lopes
- Function : Author
Alberto Vicentini
- Function : Author
Fernando Cornejo Valverde
- Function : Author
Alfonso Alonso
- Function : Author
Luzmila Arroyo
- Function : Author
Francisco Dallmeier
- Function : Author
Vitor H F Gomes
- Function : Author
Eliana M Jimenez
- Function : Author
David Neill
- Function : Author
Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora
- Function : Author
Janaína Costa Noronha
- Function : Author
Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Function : Author
Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa
- Function : Author
Yennie K Bredin
- Function : Author
Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo
- Function : Author
Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Function : Author
Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- Function : Author
Kenneth J Feeley
- Function : Author
Rogerio Gribel
- Function : Author
Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Function : Author
Joseph E Hawes
- Function : Author
Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Function : Author
Marcos Ríos Paredes
- Function : Author
Jos Barlow
- Function : Author
Erika Berenguer
- Function : Author
Izaias Brasil da Silva
- Function : Author
Maria Julia Ferreira
- Function : Author
Joice Ferreira
- Function : Author
Paul V A Fine
- Function : Author
Marcelino Carneiro Guedes
- Function : Author
Carolina Levis
- Function : Author
Juan Carlos Licona
- Function : Author
Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra
- Function : Author
Vincent Antoine Vos
- Function : Author
Carlos Cerón
- Function : Author
Flávia Machado Durgante
- Function : Author
Émile Fonty
- Function : Author
Terry W Henkel
- Function : Author
John Ethan Householder
- Function : Author
Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Function : Author
Edwin Pos
- Function : Author
Marcos Silveira
- Function : Author
Juliana Stropp
- Function : Author
Raquel Thomas
- Function : Author
Doug Daly
- Function : Author
Kyle G Dexter
- Function : Author
William Milliken
- Function : Author
Guido Pardo Molina
- Function : Author
Toby Pennington
- Function : Author
Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Function : Author
Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Function : Author
Wegliane Campelo
- Function : Author
Alfredo Fuentes
- Function : Author
Bente Klitgaard
- Function : Author
José Luis Marcelo Pena
- Function : Author
J Sebastián Tello
- Function : Author
Corine Vriesendorp
- Function : Author
Jerome Chave
- Function : Author
Anthony Di Fiore
- Function : Author
Renato Richard Hilário
- Function : Author
Luciana de Oliveira Pereira
- Function : Author
Juan Fernando Phillips
- Function : Author
Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Function : Author
Tinde R van Andel
- Function : Author
Patricio von Hildebrand
- Function : Author
William Balee
- Function : Author
Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Function : Author
Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Function : Author
Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza
- Function : Author
Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- Function : Author
Therany Gonzales
- Function : Author
George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales
- Function : Author
Bruce Hoffman
- Function : Author
André Braga Junqueira
- Function : Author
Yadvinder Malhi
- Function : Author
Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Function : Author
Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto
- Function : Author
Adriana Prieto
- Function : Author
Agustín Rudas
- Function : Author
Ademir R Ruschel
- Function : Author
Natalino Silva
- Function : Author
César I A Vela
- Function : Author
Egleé L Zent
- Function : Author
Stanford Zent
- Function : Author
Angela Cano
- Function : Author
Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez
- Function : Author
Diego F Correa
- Function : Author
Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa
- Function : Author
Bernardo Monteiro Flores
- Function : Author
David Galbraith
- Function : Author
Milena Holmgren
- Function : Author
Michelle Kalamandeen
- Function : Author
Guilherme Lobo
- Function : Author
Luis Torres Montenegro
- Function : Author
Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Function : Author
Alexandre A Oliveira
- Function : Author
Maihyra Marina Pombo
- Function : Author
Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Function : Author
Maira Rocha
- Function : Author
Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Function : Author
Rodrigo Sierra
- Function : Author
Milton Tirado
- Function : Author
Maria Natalia Umaña
- Function : Author
Geertje van der Heijden
- Function : Author
Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Function : Author
Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui
- Function : Author
Cláudia Baider
- Function : Author
Henrik Balslev
- Function : Author
Sasha Cárdenas
- Function : Author
Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Function : Author
María José Endara
- Function : Author
William Farfan-Rios
- Function : Author
Cid Ferreira
- Function : Author
Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Function : Author
Casimiro Mendoza
- Function : Author
Italo Mesones
- Function : Author
Germaine Alexander Parada
- Function : Author
Armando Torres-Lezama
- Function : Author
Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
- Function : Author
Daniel Villarroel
- Function : Author
Roderick Zagt
- Function : Author
Miguel N Alexiades
- Function : Author
Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Function : Author
Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Function : Author
Lionel Hernandez
- Function : Author
Walter Palacios Cuenca
- Function : Author
Susamar Pansini
- Function : Author
Daniela Pauletto
- Function : Author
Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Function : Author
Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Function : Author
Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Function : Author
Luis Valenzuela Gamarra
- Function : Author
Aurora Levesley
- Function : Author
Georgia Pickavance
- Function : Author
Karina Melgaço
- Function : Author
Abstract
Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree speciesrichness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.
Domains
Environmental Sciences
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