Bovine and human respiratory syncytial viruses (bRSV and hRSV) are two genetically and antigenically closely related pneumoviruses that are responsible for lower respiratory tract infections and severe pulmonary diseases in bovine and human neonates. Achieving safe and protective vaccination against RSV in infants and in calves has proven a challenging task. In fact, no vaccine is available yet for infants and knowledge from bRSV vaccine trials may prove very valuable to develop hRSV vaccines able to elicit long-lasting and safe protective immune responses in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). The design of recombinant antigens with a conformation close to their native form in virus particles has been a major breakthrough these last ten years. We compared two subunit vaccines combining the prefusion form of the bRSV F protein and hRSV N nanorings formulated in a water-in-oil adjuvant (MontanideTM ISA 61 VG) administered to calves with MDA in a single intramuscular vaccination. Both subunit vaccines (preF alone or preF combined with N nanorings) provided safe and highly protective immunity (at the clinical and virological levels) against an experimental challenge with bRSV. Analysis of immune parameters pointed to neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to preF as being significant correlates of protection. The duration of protective immunity afforded by PreF vaccination was further compared with the one obtained after mucosal immunization with live attenuated bRSV vaccines. Such bRSV vaccination studies considered under the “one health” point of view will pave the way to hRSV vaccines, safe and efficient even in the context of maternal immunity.