Antiviral defense and species barriers: Unveiling the role of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection
Résumé
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis that can resolve on its own. However, the disease can
progress to fulminant or even chronic hepatitis in some patients. Several genotypes of HEV
exist, including human-restricted ones, such as HEV-1, and zoonotic ones such as HEV-3.
Swine are the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV that causes asymptomatic infection in this host,
suggesting that this species can control efficiently HEV-3. Recently, we have identified a panel
of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) whose expression is upregulated in human hepatic cells
(HepaRG) and pig livers upon HEV-3 infection. In this study, we addressed the anti- or pro-
viral activity of these candidate ISGs. To achieve this goal, we produced lentiviral vectors to
overexpress these ISGs of interest from different species (human, macaque and swine) in the
bipotent HepaRG cell line before infection with HEV-3f. We have monitored transduction level
through reporter gene expression (RFP) by flow cytometry, as well as the amount of HEV-3f
genome copies by RT-qPCR. For some of the overexpressed ISGs, RFP signal was
maintained at high level (up to 80%) for up to 35 days, while others show low expression or
were toxic. This method has allowed us to identify several ISGs able to interfere with HEV
replication, including some that have already been described in the literature, such as RIG-I
and MDA5. These results confirm the relevance of our model in an infectious context. We are
currently investigating their mode of action and assessing potential differences in their antiviral
activity among various species and HEV genotypes. Overall, this work will highlight the effector
functions of the IFN response activated during HEV infection and how this response might
influence inter-species transmission of HEV.