On-Farm Assessment of Innovative Camelina Management Strategies to Supply a Biorefinery in Northern France
Résumé
Due to its original fatty acid and protein profile, Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a promising industrial crop for biorefinery. Therefore, camelina production should meet specific qualitative and environmental requirements. Yet, weed pressure may be high in camelina crop and could result in dockage in the harvested grains and/or a high use of herbicides.
Here, three spring camelina management strategies to control weeds without herbicide were designed and assessed. In the aim of increasing crop competition against weeds, high soil coverage was proposed by (i) increasing camelina sowing density or, intercropping camelina with (ii) spring barley or (iii) spring pea. These innovative strategies were compared with a current herbicide-based management strategy. On-farm trials were settled in ten locations of Northern France over two growing seasons (2017 and 2018).
The Treatment Frequency Index of each alternative strategy was reduced from 0.4 or 0.2 (depending on soil type) to nil because of the herbicide suppression. Considering all the management x site x year combinations, we showed that total weed biomass was negatively correlated with total crop biomass (Pvalue=7.07 x 10-6, R2=0.39), thus explaining the better weed control observed for the alternative strategies.
Over the two year, on each site, intercropping camelina with pea, or increasing sowing density did not significantly impact camelina yield. However, intercropped with barley, camelina yields were reduced by 90% because of the strong competition of barley with camelina.
In 2017, the level of impurities for the high sowing density strategy never exceeded the two percent threshold, as the control (respectively 1% and 1.3%). However, in 62% of the situations with intercropped camelina, this threshold was overpassed due to the presence of broken grains of the associated crop in the harvested grains.
These preliminary results suggest that alternative management strategies could be promising to produce camelina in Northern France to sustainably supply a local biorefinery.