Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells are engaged in distinct steps of host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection - INRAE - Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement
Journal Articles PLoS Pathogens Year : 2021

Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells are engaged in distinct steps of host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

Abstract

Lung-resident (LR) mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the alveolar niche and fundamental regulators of homeostasis and regeneration. We interrogated their function during virus-induced lung injury using the highly prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) which causes severe outcomes in infants. We applied complementary approaches with primary pediatric LR-MSCs and a state-of-the-art model of human RSV infection in lamb. Remarkably, RSV-infection of pediatric LR-MSCs led to a robust activation, characterized by a strong antiviral and pro-inflammatory phenotype combined with mediators related to T cell function. In line with this, following in vivo infection, RSV invades and activates LR-MSCs, resulting in the expansion of the pulmonary MSC pool. Moreover, the global transcriptional response of LR-MSCs appears to follow RSV disease, switching from an early antiviral signature to repair mechanisms including differentiation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate the involvement of LR-MSCs during virus-mediated acute lung injury and may have therapeutic implications.
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hal-04635656 , version 1 (04-07-2024)

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Melanie Brügger, Thomas Démoulins, G Tuba Barut, Beatrice Zumkehr, Blandina I Oliveira Esteves, et al.. Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells are engaged in distinct steps of host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. PLoS Pathogens, 2021, 17 (7), pp.e1009789. ⟨10.1371/journal.ppat.1009789⟩. ⟨hal-04635656⟩
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