Numerous foodshed models were developed to estimate and map the agricultural areas needed to supply cities with food. They generally allocate crops as a function of distance from built-up areas, land use derived from geo-interpretation and estimates of food requirements based on average diets. We hypothesize however that, in areas with limited water resources, water is another factor influencing the spatial distribution of crops, food production levels and therefore the spatial characteristics of foodsheds. In view of developing a foodshed model integrating constraints linked to water availability and accessibility, we first performed a systematic literature review to explore the state of the art of the existing methodological approaches to model foodsheds. The first results of our review highlight that articles explicitly referring to water as a factor of the model are rare, and that completeness and spatial accuracy of the implemented data do not allow realistic descriptions or simulations of the effects of climate change and water deficit on the characteristics of local foodsheds. Despite these shortcomings, the review highlights modelling strategies allowing the integration of the water factor and thus enabling a better adaptation of agriculture to biophysical conditions at territorial level in the future.