In activated sludge systems, aeration provides the oxygen that is required by the aerobic micro-organisms; ensures mixing and homogenization of the liquor; and facilitates stripping the gaseous by-products of the degradation processes. On the other hand, aeration is generally the single largest contributor to energy consumption in wastewater facilities. With the increasing need for containing operating costs, new aeration control strategies have recently been proposed. Solutions based on the continuous monitoring of nitrogen forms (NH4+, NO3-) for instance ensure a sufficient air supply to treat the nitrogen load while maintaining relatively low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the basin which in turns translates into lower energy consumption. Whether such strategies have an impact on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is yet to be ascertained. Nitrous oxide is a key greenhouse gas, about 300 times more effective than carbon dioxide, and a major sink for stratospheric ozone (IPCC, 2007). The wastewater treatment plant of Nîmes (230 000 PE) located in France consists of two parallel activated sludge lines operated with different aeration strategies. Ammonair, an aeration control logic based on ammonia and DO concentration, was implemented to reduce energy consumption of one treatment line. This work combines field measurements and mathematical modelling and is aimed at investigating the impact of the Ammonair control system on nutrient removal and energy consumption. The model developed was also used to assess the potential for GHGs emissions in relation to the specific aeration regime.