Quality control of CarboEurope flux data – Part 1: Coupling footprint analyses with flux data quality assessment to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems
M. Göckede
(1, 2)
,
T. Foken
(1)
,
M. Aubinet
(3)
,
M. Aurela
(1)
,
J. Banza
(4)
,
C. Bernhofer
(5)
,
Jean-Marc J.-M. Bonnefond
(6)
,
Yves Brunet
(6)
,
Alain Carrara
(7)
,
R. Clement
(8)
,
E. Dellwik
(9)
,
J. Elbers
(10)
,
W. Eugster
(11)
,
J. Fuhrer
(12)
,
André A. Granier
(13)
,
T. Grünwald
(5)
,
Bernard Heinesch
(3)
,
I.A. Janssens
(14)
,
Alexander Knohl
(15, 11)
,
R. Koeble
(16)
,
T. Laurila
(1)
,
Bernard B. Longdoz
(13)
,
G. Manca
(16)
,
M. Marek
(17)
,
T. Markkanen
(1, 18)
,
J. Mateus
(19)
,
G. Matteucci
(20)
,
M. Mauder
(21, 22)
,
M. Migliavacca
(23)
,
S. Minerbi
(24)
,
J. Moncrieff
(25)
,
L. Montagnani
(24)
,
E. Moors
(10)
,
J.-M. Ourcival
(26)
,
D. Papale
(27)
,
J. Pereira
(19)
,
K. Pilegaard
(9)
,
G. Pita
(19)
,
Serge Rambal
(26)
,
C. Rebmann
(15)
,
A. Rodrigues
(28)
,
E. Rotenberg
(29)
,
M.J. Sanz
(7)
,
P. Sedlak
(17)
,
G. Seufert
(16)
,
Lukas Siebicke
(1)
,
Jean-François J.-F. Soussana
(30)
,
R. Valentini
(27)
,
T. Vesala
(18)
,
H. Verbeeck
(14, 31)
,
D. Yakir
(29)
1
FMI -
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2 Department of Forest Science
3 Université de Liège
4 Universidade de Évora
5 TU Dresden - Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology
6 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
7 Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo
8 School of GeoSciences
9 Risø National Laboratory
10 WUR - Wageningen University and Research Centre
11 Institute of Plant Sciences
12 Air Pollution and Climate Group
13 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
14 Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology
15 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
16 Institute for Environment and Sustainability
17 CAS - Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague]
18 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
19 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
20 CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
21 University of Bayreuth
22 AAFC - Agriculture and Agri-Food
23 Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory
24 Agency for the Environment
25 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
26 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
27 Department of Forest Environment and Resources
28 Estaçao Florestal Nacional
29 Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]
30 UREP - Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial
31 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
2 Department of Forest Science
3 Université de Liège
4 Universidade de Évora
5 TU Dresden - Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology
6 EPHYSE - Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement
7 Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo
8 School of GeoSciences
9 Risø National Laboratory
10 WUR - Wageningen University and Research Centre
11 Institute of Plant Sciences
12 Air Pollution and Climate Group
13 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
14 Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology
15 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
16 Institute for Environment and Sustainability
17 CAS - Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague]
18 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
19 ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon
20 CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
21 University of Bayreuth
22 AAFC - Agriculture and Agri-Food
23 Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory
24 Agency for the Environment
25 Edin. - University of Edinburgh
26 CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
27 Department of Forest Environment and Resources
28 Estaçao Florestal Nacional
29 Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël]
30 UREP - Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial
31 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
Résumé
We applied a site evaluation approach combining Lagrangian Stochastic footprint modeling with a quality assessment approach for eddy-covariance data to 25 forested sites of the CarboEurope-IP network. The analysis addresses the spatial representativeness of the flux measurements, instrumental effects on data quality, spatial patterns in the data quality, and the performance of the coordinate rotation method. Our findings demonstrate that application of a footprint filter could strengthen the CarboEurope-IP flux database, since only one third of the sites is situated in truly homogeneous terrain. Almost half of the sites experience a significant reduction in eddy-covariance data quality under certain conditions, though these effects are mostly constricted to a small portion of the dataset. Reductions in data quality of the sensible heat flux are mostly induced by characteristics of the surrounding terrain, while the latent heat flux is subject to instrumentation-related problems. The Planar-Fit coordinate rotation proved to be a reliable tool for the majority of the sites using only a single set of rotation angles. Overall, we found a high average data quality for the CarboEurope-IP network, with good representativeness of the measurement data for the specified target land cover types.
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