This article aims to examine current trends in food processing industries in the Mediterranean through two perspectives: on the one hand, the evolving presence of multinationals, and the emergence of new local enterprises on the other hand. Recently, these two concomitant movements deeply modify the structure of agrifood chains, of food supply and demand in these countries. These structural changes are also base on a sustained population growth, on changes in institutional and economic landscape in many countries of southern and eastern Mediterranean. The geopolitical outlook and the going regional construction- integration impose new challenges to this region.