In mammals, the birth of a viable and healthy progeny involves a continuum of complex biological processes and several checkpoints (or hurdles) that have to be passed successfully. For a long time, successful pregnancy has been thought to be restricted to embryo quality. Nevertheless, recent data have shown that endometrium (the tissue layer covering the internal part of the uterus) can elicit a tailored biological response to embryos presenting distinct post-implantation fates. Indeed biological functions (e. g. metabolism and immune function), molecular pathways (e.g. oxidative phosphorylation) and individual genes are affected in endometrium facing various types of embryos (produced by artificial insemination, in vitro-fertilization or somatic cell nuclear transfer) and may affect the issue of pregnancy. These findings have led to the concept that endometrium is an early biosensor of embryo developmental potential, useful for the prediction of pregnancy issues. This biological property first evidenced in cattle has been recently applied to human species then has been extended to selection of embryos by the endometrium. Hence mammalian endometrium appears as a dynamic and reactive tissue whose physiology can be negatively affected by environmental factors or types of embryos. This compromised endometrial quality can affect embryo development during implantation with consequences on pregnancy outcome and long-term health of the offspring.