Female sexual behavior is the result of a complex interaction between hormones, receptors, and cellular mechanisms that interact in different brain circuits to induce behavior. The present chapter describes molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral aspects that are important for the expression of female sexual behavior. In previous editions of this series, the primary focus was on female sexual behavior of rats. In the present edition, we expand this focus to encompass lagomorphs and goats, in addition to rodents. Our aim is to emphasize both the diversity in female sexual behavior and the interspecies similarities in underlying biological mechanisms.