Context and objective: Research has previously identified relationships between chemosensory reactivity and food neophobia in toddlers. However, most studies have addressed this question using declarative data, and without analyzing separately smell and taste. The objective of the present study was twofold. The first objective was to assess the relationships between olfactory reactivity and taste reactivity in toddlers, using experimental designs with different tastants and odorants. The second objective was to determine the relationships between olfactory /taste reactivity and food neophobia in toddlers. The hypothesis was that the higher the chemosensory reactivity of the child, the more the child would be neophobic. Method: One hundred and twenty-three mother-child dyads from the Opaline birth cohort (Observatory of Food Preferences in Infants and Children) were involved in the study. A validated parent-administered questionnaire (Rigal et al., 2012) was used to assess children’s food neophobia. The children’s taste reactivity was based on the variance of intake scores obtained for the five basic tastes (Schwartz et al., 2009). The children’s olfactory reactivity was based on the variance of mouthing scores obtained for 4 bottles bearing pleasant food odours and 4 bottles bearing unpleasant food odours (Wagner et al., 2013). All these measures were collected when children were between 20 and 22 months of age. Kendall correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships between these variables. Results: The Kendall correlation between olfactory reactivity and taste reactivity in children was not significant. Neophobia scores were modestly but significantly associated with olfactory reactivity, but not with taste reactivity. Discussion: The present study highlights the need to study the links between eating behaviours and olfactory/taste reactivity separately. It also suggests that more neophobic children, in comparison to less neophobic children, are more responsive to odours, but not to tastes. Thus, the rejection of unknown foods before ingestion, which is common in neophobic children, could be partly due to their odours.