In many countries, consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is below recommended levels. We quantify the economic and health effects of a F&V stamp policy designed for lowincome consumers. The analysis combined two models: an economic model which predicts how F&V consumption is affected by a change in policy and a health model which evaluates the impact of a change in F&V consumption in terms of death avoided (DA) and life-years saved (LYS). We computed the costs per DA and LYS as the ratios between the taxpayer cost of the policy and the numbers of DA and LYS. The main findings are: at the aggregate level, a F&V stamp policy has a modest impact on consumption and as a result on health gains; however, when well designed, the F&V stamp policy may increase the F&V consumption of low-income households; to maximize the cost-effectiveness of the F&V stamp policy, the targeted population must be rather small; the F&V stamp policy may be more cost-effective than a non-targeted policy based on a VAT decrease; a stamp policy may generate a small increase in the price of F&V thus reducing the consumption and the health benefits within the non targeted population.