Malnutrition is a serious problem in the elderly while understanding flavour perception could be a tool for controlling appetite or food choices. To increase our knowledge, we characterised the health and oral physiology (oral volume, swallowing tongue force, number of teeth and salivary flow rate, protein content and antioxidant capacity) of a cohort of 54 community-dwelling French elderly as well as their individual retronasal release of five aroma compounds (2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, 2,3-hexanedione, octanal and linalool) by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In general, large variability across participants was observed in both oral physiological (>40%) and retronasal aroma release (>56%) parameters. Multivariate analyses revealed a relationship between physiological parameters (mostly salivary antioxidant capacity) and retronasal aroma release that explained up to 46% of the variability observed. This study provides new insights to understand retronasal aroma release in the elderly that could contribute to the development of personalised nutrition strategies.