Maternal odor selectively enhances the categorization of face(like) stimuli in the 4 month-old infant brain
Résumé
In the 4-month-old infant brain, the visual categorization of natural face images is enhanced by concomitant maternal odor (Leleu et al., Dev Sci e12877, 2020), suggesting early associations between congruent inputs from multiple senses. Is this maternal odor effect selective for face stimuli? Scalp electroencephalogram was recorded during a fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS-EEG) while infants were exposed to the maternal vs. a control odor. In 6-Hz streams of images (i.e., 6 stimuli per sec), pictures of cars (Study 1, Rekow et al., Cog Dev 55, 2020) and nonface objects resembling faces (facelike stimuli; Study 2) were interspersed every 6th stimulus among other nonface objects (i.e., at 1 Hz). In Study 1, we isolated a neural categorization response to cars over the right occipital region, showing the ability of infants to categorize variable exemplars of cars at a glance. However, maternal odor did not enhance this response. In Study 2, the categorization response to facelike objects was identified over bilateral occipito-temporal sites in the control odor condition, revealing infants' ability to perceive faces in variable stimuli. More importantly, maternal odor magnified the facelike categorization response over the right hemisphere, showing that this relevant odor can trigger a face-selective neural activity even in the absence of genuine human faces. Altogether, these two studies provide evidence for the tuning of face(like) categorization from multisensory inputs in the developing brain. They endorse that early human perceptual development integrates information across the senses for efficient category acquisition, with early-maturing systems, such as olfaction, providing assistance to later-developing systems, such as vision. Funding: French “Investissements d'Avenir” program (ISITE-BFC, ANR-15-IDEX-0003), Conseil Régional Bourgogne Franche-Comté, European Funding for Regional Economic Development and French Research Agency (ANR-19-CE28-0009).