Agricultural entrepreneurship is an emerging field. It involves analyzing and understanding the strategies of agricultural entrepreneurs, particularly in response to the institutional changes and economic and technological disruptions to which the agricultural industry is subject. Despite the increase in the number and diversity of publications, there is a need for a better understanding of agricultural entrepreneurship dynamics from the entrepreneurial theory viewpoint (beyond rural sociology and agricultural economics). A literature review identifies the main themes hitherto dealt with, as well as avenues for future research. This special issue partly responds to the need to investigate the entrepreneurial process in agriculture, whether in the development of collective projects, understanding entrepreneurial action, the effects of the business environment on entrepreneurial orientation, or the question of gender and rural development policies.