Cold case: The disappearance of Egypt bee virus, a fourth distinct master strain of deformed wing virus linked to honeybee mortality in 1970’s Egypt
Joachim de Miranda
(1)
,
Laura Brettell
(2, 3, 4)
,
Nor Chejanovsky
(5)
,
Anna Childers
(6)
,
Anne Dalmon
(7)
,
Ward Deboutte
(8, 9)
,
Dirk de Graaf
(10)
,
Vincent Doublet
(11, 12)
,
Haftom Gebremedhn
(10, 13)
,
Elke Genersch
(14, 15)
,
Sebastian Gisder
(15)
,
Fredrik Granberg
(16)
,
Nizar Haddad
(17)
,
Rene Kaden
(1, 18)
,
Robyn Manley
(11)
,
Jelle Matthijnssens
(8)
,
Ivan Meeus
(10)
,
Hussein Migdadi
(17)
,
Meghan Milbrath
(1)
,
Fanny Mondet
(7)
,
Emily Remnant
(19)
,
John Roberts
(20)
,
Eugene Ryabov
(6)
,
Noa Sela
(5)
,
Guy Smagghe
(19)
,
Hema Somanathan
(21)
,
Lena Wilfert
(11, 12)
,
Owen Wright
(11)
,
Stephen Martin
(3, 22)
,
Brenda Ball
(22)
1
SLU -
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet
2 HIE - Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond]
3 University of Salford
4 LSTM - Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
5 The Volcani Center
6 USDA Agricultural Research Service [Beltsville, Maryland]
7 AE - Abeilles et Environnement
8 University of Leuven K.U.Leuven
9 MPI-IE - Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics
10 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
11 University of Exeter
12 UUlm - University of Ulm
13 TIGRAY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ETH
14 Freie Universität Berlin
15 Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf
16 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health - Section of Immunology [Uppsala, Sweden]
17 National Agricultural Research Center
18 Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala
19 The University of Sydney
20 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
21 IISER TVM - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
22 Rothamsted Research
2 HIE - Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond]
3 University of Salford
4 LSTM - Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
5 The Volcani Center
6 USDA Agricultural Research Service [Beltsville, Maryland]
7 AE - Abeilles et Environnement
8 University of Leuven K.U.Leuven
9 MPI-IE - Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics
10 UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University
11 University of Exeter
12 UUlm - University of Ulm
13 TIGRAY AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ETH
14 Freie Universität Berlin
15 Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf
16 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health - Section of Immunology [Uppsala, Sweden]
17 National Agricultural Research Center
18 Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala
19 The University of Sydney
20 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
21 IISER TVM - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
22 Rothamsted Research
Joachim de Miranda
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- PersonId : 1129123
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Anne Dalmon
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 743894
- IdHAL : anne-dalmon
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5044-4724
- IdRef : 125080948
Fanny Mondet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 752844
- IdHAL : fanny-mondet
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7737-0101
Résumé
In 1977, a sample of diseased adult honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) from Egypt was found to contain large amounts of a previously unknown virus, Egypt bee virus, which was subsequently shown to be serologically related to deformed wing virus (DWV). By sequencing the original isolate, we demonstrate that Egypt bee virus is in fact a fourth unique, major variant of DWV (DWV-D): more closely related to DWV-C than to either DWV-A or DWV-B. DWV-A and DWV-B are the most common DWV variants worldwide due to their close relationship and transmission by Varroa destructor . However, we could not find any trace of DWV-D in several hundred RNA sequencing libraries from a worldwide selection of honeybee, varroa and bumblebee samples. This means that DWV-D has either become extinct, been replaced by other DWV variants better adapted to varroa-mediated transmission, or persists only in a narrow geographic or host range, isolated from common bee and beekeeping trade routes.
