In mammals, the formation of the ovary begins early during fetal development by the differentiation of gonadal supporting cells into ovarian pre-granulosa cells. Subsequently, female germ cells differentiate and acquire the ability to enter meiosis. Meiosis initiation is a crucial step for the production of functional haploid gametes. The onset of meiosis is driven by interactions between somatic cells and germ cells and it is controlled by a strict transcriptomic program. While this process occurs almost synchronically in the mouse ovary, germ cells enter meiosis between 24- and 28-days post-conception (7 to 3 days before birth) and coexist with proliferating germ cells in the rabbit ovary. The asynchrony of the transition from mitosis to meiosis results in heterogeneity in the female ovarian cell populations, which make difficult the study of the mechanisms involved in meiosis initiation and progression. To further understand the process of ovarian differentiation at the level of the individual cell populations, we used the 10X Genomics single-cell RNA-seq technology (scRNA-seq) and analyzed the transcriptional profiles of two independent replicates of 8 000 single ovarian cells collected from 24 and 28-days dpc rabbit fetal ovaries. Hierarchical clustering analysis of our data set revealed 14 distinct clusters at both stage. To classify each cell population, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of established cell type–specific markers. Among them, we listed WNT6 and LGR5 as pre-granulosa cells markers, CYP17A1 as steroidogenic cells marker, NR2F2 as mesenchymal cells marker, DDX4 and POU5F1 as germ cells markers, STRA8 and REC8 as early meiotic germ cells markers and SPO11 and SYCP3 as late meiotic germ cell markers. These findings provide the first global view of cellular differentiation in a window of time which correspond to the onset of meiosis in the rabbit ovary.