Feeding behavior of three breeding duck genetic types during growth
Résumé
The aim of this study was to describe in detail the longitudinal growth and feeding
traits, that are key phenotypes for feed efficiency and force-feeding, in the three
genetically different types of ducks farmed for fatty liver production in France
(Muscovy, Pekin, and mule ducks). Forty-one Muscovy, 35 Pekin, and 40 mule
ducks, all males, were reared with single-place electronic feeders to compare their
growth performances and feeding traits. Data were analyzed from 28 to 49 days
of age, after eliminating multiple-bird and unidentified visits (between 1 and 6%
of data per genetic type). We studied the different traits at three time scales: for
the entire trial (covering 4 weeks), by week and by day. The effects of the genetic
type (for the three time scales), the time scale and their interaction (for week and
day scales only) were tested using linear mixed models with SAS software. At the
trial scale, the hybrid mule was characterized by a feeding behavior close to that
of Pekin ducks, and a production performance similar to Muscovy ducks. Like Pekin
ducks, mule ducks consumed two less per visit (26.8 g) than Muscovy ducks (P <
0.0001), and their visits were six times shorter (73 s, P < 0.0001). Thus, their
feeding rate was higher (22.6 g/min, P < 0.0001). The number of visits to the
single-place electronic feeders was two times higher for Pekin and mule ducks (8.3
and 9.0 visits, respectively) than for Muscovy ducks (P < 0.0001). The body weight
of mule ducks, although superior from the body weight of Muscovy ducks at the
beginning of the test (1.69 kg vs. 1.42 kg, P = 0.0002), was found to be equivalent
at 38 days of age (around 2.54 kg). At the week scale, feed intakes increased
between week 5 and 7 (in average + 266 g). Except for Muscovy ducks, the visit
duration was relatively stable over weeks and the number of visits decreased with
age, leading to an increase in the length of the intervals between visits. At the day
scale, all three genetic types of ducks fed mostly during the daytime, with more
than 90% of the feed consumed between 5:00 and 23:00. Further development is
required to limit multiple-bird visits to the single-place electronic feeder in
particular with Muscovy ducks, and to enable data collection during the necessary
feed restriction period before force-feeding for fatty liver production and during
the mating period.
Domaines
Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]Origine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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