Oocyte quality is crucial for in vitro embryo development, a procedure that is widely used in reproductive biotechnologies to accelerate the selection process for high genetic merit cows. An oocyte develops inside of ovarian follicle, which content depends on the physiological state of the animal and affects the quality of the future egg. The objective of the current research is the development of innovative approaches to evaluate oocyte quality using molecular profiles of the surrounding follicular components. Using different mass spectrometry (MS) approaches, including MALDI-TOF and tandem MS after liquid nanochromatography (nanoLC-MS/MS), we have investigated protein and lipid profiles of different cells and extracellular components of bovine ovarian antral follicles: follicular fluid (FF), enclosed oocytes and surrounding cumulus cells, as well as follicular granulosa and theca cells. Proteins and lipids from different follicular compartments and oocytes of different quality were identified. In particular, the proteomic analysis of follicular cells and individual oocytes of cows using MALDI-TOF and nano-LC-MS / MS, allowed identification of several potential markers of oocyte maturation in cumulus cells [1]. Using MALDI-TOF MS analysis of lipids from FF and follicular cells of the follicles of different sizes, numerous lipid features potentially associated with oocyte quality were discovered [2]. Several features might be related to membrane-coated extracellular vesicles present in FF, notably microvesicles and exosomes, which content may differ between the follicles of different size. The protein cargo of FF exosomes, was analysed using nano-LC-MS/MS [3]. Identified proteins were involved in different metabolic processes to maintain follicle homeostasis, follicular growth or atresia and may affect oocyte maturation and quality.