Agriculture and forestry cover more than 75% of Europe, and invertebrate pests are a costly challenge for these two economic sectors. Landscape management is increasingly promoted as a solution to enhance biological pest control, but little is known on its effects on adjacent crop fields and woodlands. This study aims to explore the effect of the proportion of woodlands and permanent grasslands as well as crop diversity on biological pest control simultaneously in cereals fields and woodland patches, in southwestern France. We used different types of sentinel prey as well as bird and carabid community metrics to assess biological pest control potential in these two ecosystems. We first show that land cover variables influence biological pest control both in cereal fields and woodland patches, but have antagonistic effects in the two ecosystems. Although results vary according to the biological control indicator considered, we show that increasing landscape heterogeneity represents a valuable solution to manage trade-offs and promote higher average predation rates across forests and cereal fields. Our study therefore calls for more integrative studies to identify landscape management strategies that enable nature-based solutions across ecosystems. Arthropod pests are a costly challenge for both farmers and foresters. Indeed, arthropod pests are responsible for a 20% yield decrease on average across crop types 1 and are a major threat to forest health, with severe outbreaks that are likely to worsen due to climate change 2. Pest control solutions based on technology such as pesticide use or genetic selection are increasingly showing their limits 3,4. An alternative but non-exclusive way is to consider nature-based solutions, in particular biological pest control 5-8. However, agricultural intensification, deforestation and landscape simplification over the last decades have resulted in a dramatic loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, both in agricultural fields and semi-natural ecosystems such as forests, meadows or rivers 9-12. Such biodiversity loss hampers the ability to rely on nature-based solutions. It is therefore crucial to assess to which extent managing landscapes may enable nature-based solutions such as biological pest control across ecosystems. The effect of land cover variables on biological pest control (as phytophagous insects and weeds) in crop fields has been extensively studied. Diversified crop mosaics support higher biodiversity and favour biological pest control in crop fields 13-17. This effect is consistent with the hypotheses of resource complementarity for natural enemies 18 and host concentration for pest species 19,20. The benefits of woodland and grassland covers, and more generally semi-natural habitats (SNH-e.g. hedgerows, shrublands, riparian edges), are also consistent with the fact that they provide complementary food resources, shelters, nesting and overwintering sites, for natural enemies 21-23 , which result in higher biological pest control within crops 14,23. However, the effect of SNH cover may vary across agronomic settings and taxa 24-26. For instance, forest cover appears to favour both some rapeseed pests and their natural enemies 27. Furthermore, field-level farming practices and weed diversity are known to influence biological control, and may also modulate the effects of land cover variables on biological control 28-30. Much less is known about the effect of land cover variables on biological control within forest patches in rural space. Like within crops, local forest management and tree diversity are well-known to influence the level of biological control of forest pests 31,32 mainly due to defoliator caterpillars 33. However, unlike within crops, little is known about the effects of adjacent non-forest ecosystems on biological control within forest stands. This is primarily due to the dominance of a binary representation with forest patches surrounded by a hostile