Drought is a natural phenomenon that is expected to increase in frequency and duration with climate change, leading to more intense disturbance of ecosystems like grasslands. Moreover, sensitivity of grasslands to drought is expected to differ across landscapes. To assess and explain such variation in sensitivity, knowledge drawn from several grasslands and local parameters must be considered. Our study focused on 143 permanent grasslands in the Massif Central Region of Metropolitan France. With the use of satellite remote sensing, we quantified the relationship between vegetation index anomalies and a modified version of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (mSPEI) to acquire grassland sensitivity values. These anomalies provide estimates of the historical long-term fluctuations of grassland vegetation reflectance to climatic water balance between 1985 and 2019. A model selection procedure was used to determine whether the derived sensitivities can be attributed to explanatory variables such as vegetation diversity, pedoclimatic conditions, or management practices. Then a variance partitioning of the included explanatory variables was performed. Our results highlight that soil available water capacity, time of first use, and plant functional diversity all had key influences on the sensitivity of grasslands to drought within those parcels selected in the region.