J-DISTAS : creation of interoperable tools for the estimation of field readiness
Résumé
Sustainable crop production implies a high efficiency of field operations and protection of the soil as a natural resource. The soil workability refers to the suitability of soil for cultural operations, and the soil trafficability defines the soil capacity to support machinery during traffic without soil physical degradation. The combination of these two factors the so-called field readiness, allows a decision to be made about timing and conditions of field operations for execution of operations in an efficient and cost-effective way.
The concept of field readiness allows also strategic decisions such as the evolution of cropping systems or the acquisition of agricultural machinery. The tools developed in France are mostly related to workability and dates from the years 1990’s. They need to be upgraded to better consider compaction risk, according to machinery evolution. The Terranimo model now offers the possibility to estimate compaction risk. The J-DISTAS project (2019-2022) aims at evaluating these tools in our current French context and upgrade them to create a prototype of interoperable tools which includes all the aspects linked to the concept of field readiness.
The project is divided in four work packages (WP):
WP2 Collect data: gather data from previous field experiments and carry out new specific field trials on six experimental sites.
WP3 Evaluate and improve or adapt existing tools to calculate indicators of soil workability and trafficability.
WP1 Build the decisional tool to define if a day is available or not depending on previous indicators and evaluate (i) its ability to take the good decision and (ii) its sensibility to uncertainties in some input data.
WP4 Ensure transfer and valorization mainly by the implementation of the protype in a platform and the communication to land managers.
After two years, the main result is a panel of common methods and procedures for field and laboratory measurements used to collect data from different field operations: shallow tillage, seeding, mechanical weeding, mechanical cover crop destruction, manure spreading and harvest. Three types of data are collected in each field experiments in order to (i) characterize the conditions of the field operation: the climate conditions, the specifications of the machinery (wheel load, tyre inflation pressure), and relevant soil characteristics (visual assessment of the soil structure, soil water content and matric potential, soil mechanical strength); (ii) asses the efficiency of the operation; and (iii) evaluate the impact of the operation on soil structure by visual assessment, bulk density and air permeability measurements. Data were collected from 75 fields trials in 2019 and 2020, and the data analysis begins to identify which minimum conditions should be fulfilled for both workability and trafficability.
Results of J-DISTAS could be used in the conception of cropping systems, or optimization of mechanical cost. The inter-operable tools developed in the project can be used as a decision support tool that includes field readiness in strategic decisions and helps to the soil physical quality protection.
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