Contexte The circular bioeconomy presents an opportunity to transform our relationship with resources and create a more sustainable future. Rural circular bioclusters play a crucial role in this transition by bringing together local actors to valorise waste and promote sustainable practices. Understanding the factors that influence their success is essential for ensuring their long-term viability and impact. •A biocluster is a type of sustainability-oriented cluster, with a geographically close group of interconnected companies and associated organisations in the field of the bioeconomy (Ayrapetyan and Hermans, 2020). •The viability of an emerging regional biocluster is its ability to maintain, innovate, co-create and share value while respecting the environmental limits and taking into account the social issues of the area in which it is located. Methodology To gain insights into the factors influencing rural circular bioclusters, we employed a mixed-methods approach. We first conducted a comprehensive literature review to establish a theoretical framework. Then, we carried out semi-directive interviews with key actors involved in bioclusters in the Occitanie region. These interviews allowed us to gather in-depth information about the experiences, challenges, and opportunities faced by these initiatives. Results Our analysis revealed that the success of rural circular bioclusters is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. These factors can be categorized as either levers or barriers, depending on their impact on the biocluster's development. Levers, such as strong leadership, clear common rules, and access to funding, can facilitate biocluster growth and success. On the other hand, barriers, such as excessive control, rigid rules, and dependence on external funding, can hinder biocluster development and sustainability. Discussion and Conclusion In conclusion, understanding the factors that influence rural circular bioclusters is essential for their sustainable development and long-term impact. By identifying and addressing the barriers, stakeholders can create an enabling environment for bioclusters to flourish. Bioclusters, in turn, can contribute to regional economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being, fostering a more sustainable future for rural communities. To address these challenges, we developed the Emerging Rural Circular Bioclusters Viability Canvas. This multi-criteria tool empowers regional leaders to assess their initiatives through a comprehensive business model evaluation.