Aerial dispersal of pathogenic fungi is a key process in disease epidemiology and an effective long-distance dispersal method. Quantification of airborne inoculum at different spatial scales can then inform disease epidemiology and management. Here, we use pollen-monitoring permanent aerobiological networks in Europe to inform large-scale epidemiology of the ash dieback disease. We focused on the ongoing epidemic in France as case study. Captured Hymenoscyphus fraxineus spores were estimated by qPCR on 696 samples from 2015 to 2018 from 31 locations with a duration of disease presence of 0 to 9 years, and were aligned with the nation-wide database of disease occurrence. We detected H. fraxineus spores in disease-free locations, up to a distance of 318 km from the nearest recorded outbreak. Number of spores linearly increased with the distance to the closest disease record. The maximum number of spores was recorded six years after disease arrival, and then decreased, with a strong effect of the sampling year. The proportion of positive samples per year linearly increased with the time of disease presence (9-year range). While pathogen detectability increased with time of disease presence, inoculum load peaked at six years of disease presence. The use of mass air movement probability in our models will be discussed. Our results suggest an attenuation of pathogen load with time. Aerobiology proves a powerful tool to monitor pathogen colonization in airborne invasive pathogens.