Prosulfocarb is a residual herbicide primarily used on winter cereals and potatoes to control grassy weeds such as ryegrass or foxtail and some broadleaf weeds, in pre -emergence or early post-emergence applications. In 2020, it was the 2nd most used herbicide in France, just after glyphosate. This herbicide is regularly present in the atmosphere and contaminates various products intended for human or animal consumption. The regulatory rule changed in 2017, then in 2018, to avoid this contamination by fixing the need to use low-drift nozzle sprayers and to apply a buffer zone of 500m/1km between the field to be treated with prosulfocarb and the fields of sensitive crops such as orchards, market gardening, buckwheat or chia. The objective of this work was to identify alternatives to prosulfocarb and to assess the technical and economic impact of their use on farms. When prosulfocarb is not used, it may lead to switching to other chemical herbicides. Organic Farming (OF) systems use non-chemical alternatives to herbicides, such as mechanical weeding and preventative actions, to reduce weed pressure. In many cases, the application of alternatives to prosulfocarb, whether chemical or not, does not impair the direct marginal costs of benefits per unit area at the plot scale. Although, as for the non-chemical alternatives, the higher prices and lower costs of OF may partly compensate for the lower yields. Weed control systems combining chemical and non-chemical solutions are regularly used. In cereal crops, national statistics show that a two-week shift in the sowing date makes it possible to limit herbicide treatments but slightly reduce yields. In potato fields, farmers could reduce the application of the herbicide only on the row with mechanical interventions on the inter-row. These approaches can reduce agriculture's reliance on prosulfocarb, but we found that three scenarios including a fairly widespread shift in wheat sowing dates needed to be combined to reduce prosulfocarb by more than 30% consumption. It is a considerable effort. Thus, the mobilization of all the prophylactic levers and the involvement of all the actors concerned (plant breeding, agricultural machinery, etc.) are necessary to accelerate the transitions towards weed management systems less dependent on prosulfocarb.