The specialization of agriculture and livestock, coupled with the concentration of production in specific regions and the resulting environmental impacts call for a paradigm shift. To meet the sustainability challenges, reconnecting crops and livestock on a local scale would enable exploiting the benefits of integrating livestock into cropping systems, and vice versa. Crop-livestock integration allows making use of biological synergies between animal and plant production through nutrient exchange (fertilisation and feeding) and natural complementarities between species (biological control). However, these practices are not yet mainstream in the current dominant agricultural model. Their development will require removing several obstacles to expand their scope effectively.