To limit the nitrate contamination of ground and surface water, stimulation of denitrification by electrochemical approach is an innovative way to be explored. Two nitrate reducing bio-cathodes were developed under constant polarization (-0.5 V vs SCE) using sediments and water from a constructed wetland (Rampillon, Seine-et-Marne, France). The bio-cathodes responded to nitrate addition on chronoamperometry through an increase of the reductive current. The denitrification efficiency of the pilots increased by 47% compared to the negative controls without electrodes after polarization. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the biofilms and sediments evidenced the significant and discriminating presence of the Azoarcus and Pontibacter genera in the biofilms from biocathodes active for nitrate reduction. Our study shows the possibility to promote the development of efficient Azoarcus-dominated biocathodes from freshwater sediment to enhance nitrate removal from surface waters.