Milk lipolysis is defined as the hydrolysis of triglycerides, the main components of milk fat, resulting in the release of free fatty acids and partial glycerides that alter the taste and functional properties of the milk such as foaming and creaming abilities, respectively. Milk lipolysis is therefore an important criterion of milk quality. Feed restriction was used as a model to study milk spontaneous lipolysis (SL) and its mechanisms in three ruminant species (dairy cows, goats and ewes). The objective of this experiment in dairy ewes was to characterize the effects of dietary restriction on milk SL in relation with the milk proteome and lipidome. For this purpose, a subset of 2 groups of 10 ewes with contrasted milk lipolysis levels were selected from a larger experiment with 2 groups of 24 ewes (102±2.0 DIM) receiving for 5 days either a control diet (100% of DMI ad libitum: unrestricted) or the experimental diet (65% of DMI ad libitum: restricted) in a 2×2 cross-over design. The feeding restriction caused a large decrease in morning milk SL (-0.43 Meq/100 g of fat) measured by the BDI method, a decrease in milk yield (-0.43 l/d), an increase of milk fat and protein contents (+3.0 and +0.9 g/l) and no variation in milk fat globules diameter. This significant decrease in SL was accompanied by changes in the milk proteome and lipidome that are being studied in depth. In ewe’s skim milk with low lipolysis, we displayed a protein inhibitor of the lipoprotein lipase gene expression and a list of proteins that signal an immune process. In conclusion, in contrast to cows, a large decrease of milk spontaneous lipolysis in dairy ewes was observed in response to feed restriction which was associated with substantial variations in milk protein and lipid abundances.