Individualized feeding strategies have been explored to improve dairy cows’ energy status. However, rules for precise and short-term adjustments at the individual scale still need to be defined. In a recent study, this individual concentrate adjustment was done weekly based on body weight gain without affecting the performance of the animals during the first fourth months of lactation. However, cows’ metabolic status affected their performance and should be integrated in the decision rules of concentrate distribution. It can be predicted accurately during the first days of lactation based on three blood metabolites (glucose, BHB, NEFA). Morevoer, studies suggested that delaying insemination after peak lactation could enhance pregnancy rates and reduce the number of inseminations per gestation. Health risks associated with peak lactation as well as management costs could be reduced as the number of calvings per cow per year decreases. Simulations suggested that especially primiparous could benefit from this strategy to optimize performance and that late insemination could improve cow longevity. To predict the consequences of combined reproductive and feeding strategies, prediction models are essential. The InSiliCow model can serve as digital twin to simulate dairy cow’s lifetime performance. It has been evaluated on different breeds, parities, lactation durations and feeding strategies. An on-going project is aiming at improving it and using it to identify optimal feeding and reproductive strategies to enhance cow performance and welfare, considering available technologies. This involves determining the energy content, level, and frequency of ration adjustments, as well as variables for adjusting rations and insemination timing.